Your Essential Guide to German Adjectives

By OptiLingo • 6 minute read

Learn everything about German adjectives

Learn About German Adjectives

Adjectives are the words you use to describe everything. Whether it’s the color of your hair or the size of your house, you need adjectives to talk about them. That’s why it’s so important to master adjectives in German. Although grammar can be boring, this part of German is definitely not. Here’s a fun and easy guide to German adjectives.

How Adjectives Work in German

German adjectives describe or modify a noun. But, what happens when you’re comparing two nouns to each other? Or you’re declaring the superiority of one over all? That’s when you use comparative and superlative adjectives in German. In English, these would be “good – better – best” or “late – later – latest”. But in German, things are a little bit complicated.

In German, you need to conjugate an adjective to fit the noun. These declensions vary based on the noun’s case, gender, and plurality. Declensions also change depending on whether the noun appears with a definite or an indefinite article. Let’s take a look at a couple of examples of comparative and superlative German adjectives, and how the endings change according to the rules of grammar.

Comparative and Superlative German Adjectives

Examples of comparative adjectives and superlative adjectives in German would be:

  • Comparative: Er ist größer als ich (He is taller than me).
  • Superlative:  Er ist der größte (He is the tallest).

Like in English, most regular German adjectives are made comparative by adding the suffix “-er”. “Als” in the example is “than”. When adding the -er, if the vowel in the adjective is an a, o, or u, you give it an umlaut (unless it is “au”). There are some exceptions for these rules, but the majority of adjectives can be made comparative in this way:

  • klein → kleiner (small/smaller)
  • warm → wärmer (warm/warmer)
  • schlau → schlauer (smart/smarter)

German superlative adjectives are also somewhat similar to their English counterparts. Most superlatives are formed by adding the suffix -ste. Adjectives ending in d, t, or any s-sound (such as -s, -ss, -sch, -z, or -ß) must have an e inserted before the -ste.

  • billig → billigste (cheap/cheapest)
  • hübsch → hübscheste (pretty/prettiest)
  • interessant → interessanteste (interesting/most interesting)

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How to Conjugate German Adjectives

As we already know, German nouns can be masculine, feminine, or neuter. They can also be singular or plural. So, since the adjective describes the noun, the adjective has to fit all of these categories. German adjectives must always agree in quantity and gender with the nouns they modify. Pay attention to all the little details when conjugating German adjectives, it’s easy to overlook them.

There are two types of descriptive adjectives in German: predicate and attribute.

Predicative Adjectives

Predicate adjectives follow linking verbs like “to be” (sein, werden) or “to remain” (bleiben). They modify the subject and do not have a gendered ending.

  • Example: Der Hund ist schnell. – The dog is fast.

Attribute Adjectives

Attribute adjectives precede nouns or pronouns and take special endings determined by the gender, number, case and article of the nouns they modify.

  • Example: Das was ein schneller Hund. – That was a fast dog.

These are the endings you need to use to conjugate attribute adjectives.

Singular

 

Plural

Masc.

Fem.

Neut.

 

All Genders

Nominative

—er

—e

—es

—e

Accusative

—en

—e

—es

—e

Genitive

—es

—er

—es

—er

Dative

—em

—er

—em

—en

Adjectival Pronouns in German

Attribute adjectives aren’t the only ones you need to conjugate. According to the table above, certain adjectival pronouns also decline like the definite article “der”: all-, dies-, jed-,  manch-, solch-, welch-. These are sometimes referred to as der-words.

Example – dieser:

Singular

 

Plural

Masc.

Fem.

Neut.

 

All Genders

Nominative

dieser

diese

dieses

diese

Accusative

diesen

diese

dieses

diese

Genitive

dieses

dieser

dieses

dieser

Dative

diesem

dieser

diesem

diesen

Adjectival Possessive Pronouns in German

Adjectival possessive pronouns and “kein” (none) decline similarly to the article “ein”, they can be referred to as ein-words. The general declension pattern is as shown in the following table:

Singular

 

Plural

Masc.

Fem.

Neut.

 

All Genders

Nominative

—e

—e

Accusative

—en

—e

—e

Genitive

—es

—er

—es

—er

Dative

—em

—er

—em

—en

Example – kein:

Singular

 

Plural

Masc.

Fem.

Neut.

 

All Genders

Nominative

kein

keine

kein

keine

Accusative

keinen

keine

kein

keine

Genitive

keines

keiner

keines

keiner

Dative

keinem

keiner

keinem

keinen

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German Adjective Endings With Definite Article

These are the endings the adjective receives when the noun it describes comes with a definite article. These are “der”, “die”, or “das”.

Singular

Plural

Masc.

Fem.

Neut.

All Genders

Nominative

—e

—e

—e

—en

Accusative

—en

—e

—e

—en

Genitive

—en

—en

—en

—en

Dative

—en

—en

—en

—en

German Adjective Endings With Indefinite Article

When the nouns the adjective represents comes with an indefinite article, these are the endings you have to use. Indefinite articles in German are all the variations of “ein-” (ein, eine, eines, einer, …).

Singular

Plural

Masc.

Fem.

Neut.

All Genders

Nominative

—er

—e

—es

—e

Accusative

—en

—e

—es

—e

Genitive

—en

—en

—en

—er

Dative

—en

—en

—en

—en

Examples of Adjectives in German

Comparitive

Superlative

klein small kleiner smaller kleinst smallest
leise quiet leiser quieter leisest quietest
lustig funny lustiger funnier lustigst funniest
alt old älter older ältest oldest

Examples of German Adjectives with Umlaut

Comparitive

Superlative

arm poor ärmer poorer ärmst poorest
jung young jünger younger jüngst youngest
kalt cold kälter colder kältest coldest
krank sick kränker sicker kränkst sickest
kurz short kürzer shorter kürzest shortest
lang long länger longer längst longest
stark strong stärker stronger stärkst strongest
warm warm wärmer warmer wärmst warmest

Irregular German Adjectives

As is English, there are many German adjectives with irregular comparative and superlative forms. A summary of some of the more common examples is provided below.

Comparative

Superlative

gut good besser better best best
viel much mehr more meist most
hoch high höher higher höchst highest
nah near näher nearer nächst nearest, next

Learn German Adjectives Naturally

German adjectives with all their potential endings, irregularities, and umlauts can seem daunting. But, you’ll actually learn them very quickly. You can get a natural feel for how adjectives work in German by hearing them in real German sentences. That’s exactly how OptiLingo teaches you German.

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